History of Saccos in Kenya

History of Saccos in Kenya A Savings and Credit Cooperative is a sort of helpful whose goal is to pool reserve funds for the individuals and thus give them credit offices (UN-HABITAT, 2010). The general target of SACCOs is to advance the monetary interests and general government assistance of its individuals. The ICA Statement on the Co-employable Identity characterizes a helpful as a self-sufficient relationship of people joined willfully to meet their normal financial, social, and social needs and yearnings through a together claimed and fairly controlled venture. Co-agents depend on the estimations of self improvement, self-obligation, majority rules system, balance, value and solidarity. Co-usable individuals have faith in the moral estimations of genuineness, transparency, social duty, and thinking about others (Bibby Shaw, 2005). The 1995 ICA Congress additionally reformulated seven standards of co-agents. In synopsis, they are: Deliberate and open enrollment Popularity based part control Part financial cooperation Self-rule and autonomy Instruction, preparing and data Co-activity among co-agents Worry for the network Various SACCOs give various items which incorporate yet are not restricted to credit administrations, store and reserve funds office, check clearing, brokers checks, standing requests, safe authority, and pay progresses. History of SACCOs The pioneers of present day participation developed in common laborers conditions in European Industrial urban areas of the nineteenth Century. In the 1840s,the first to industrialize nations (Great Britain and France),pioneers of co-employable designed models of the customer helpful and the work agreeable to protect and advance the interests of regular workers families even with the social calamities brought about by modern upheaval. The second era of the pioneers of present day collaboration developed, in certain European provincial conditions in the late nineteenth century. During the 1860s, these pioneers made the models of horticultural cooperatives and investment funds and credit cooperatives propelled by the accomplishment of the shopper cooperatives equation in Great Britain and dependent on old conventions of provincial solidarity meant to meet the essential financial needs, which went unsatisfied. Horticultural cooperatives at that point empowered groups of ranchers and domesticated animals raisers to compose their own gracefully frameworks of farming data sources and market their items and no longer relied upon dealers and agents in the urban areas. The SACCOs helped them to quit contingent upon moneylenders and to discover the credit important to modernize their agrarian cooperatives (Mwakajumilo, 2011) . SACCOs in Africa In Africa, the thought was brought by a Roman Catholic cleric, in Jirapa, a town in Ghana, in 1955. Father John McNulty from Ireland had concentrated in Canada where he found out about reserve funds and credit co-employable social orders. Father McNulty assisted the Jirapa townspeople with forming a Savings and Credit Co-usable. The co-usable helped the individuals to address their budgetary issues which they couldnt exclusively. Father McNulty prepared around 60 individuals, who were the primary fruitful investment funds and credit co-usable pioneers on the African mainland. The achievement of Jirapa investment funds and credit co-usable spread all through Ghana and by 1968, the reserve funds and credit co-agents all through the nation met up to shape the Credit Union of Ghana , which was set up to advance, compose, administration and co-ordinate the exercises of reserve funds and credit co-usable in Ghana. (Alila Obado, 1990). As per the World Council of Credit Unions (WOCCU) 2011 measurable report, there are 51,013 credit associations on the planet, having a sum of 196,498,738 individuals and a complete entrance of 7.8% Penetration rate which is determined by isolating the all out number of detailed credit patrons by the monetarily dynamic populace age 15-64 years of age (World Council of Credit Unions (WOCCU) , 2012). The biggest markets in Africa by number of individuals as of December 31st 2011 are Kenya (4,183,220), Senegal (2,231,117), Ivory Coast (1,705,712), and Benin (1,597,233) (WOCCU, 2012). History of SACCOs in Kenya SACCOs in Kenya are at present among the main wellsprings of the co-employable credit for financial turn of events (Alila Obado, 1990).Cooperatives in Kenya were begun in 1908 and enrollment was constrained to white pioneer pilgrims. The main helpful was built up at Lumbwa, present day Kipkelion territory. In 1944 frontier officials permitted Africans to shape and join cooperatives (Gamba Komo, 2012). The underlying endeavor to empower African cultivating co-agents was started by the need to execute the suggestions of the Swynnerton Plan of 1953. The Swynnerton Plan was defined to improve African cultivating, explicitly the developing of money crops and is recorded to have supported the advancement and development of African cooperatives (Alila Obado, 1990). It was now that the proposal that an enlistment center of cooperatives be delegated was made. In 1945, another Cooperative Societies Ordinance was sanctioned which permitted African investment in the helpful development. In 1946, a branch of cooperatives was set up and a recorder of cooperatives named. By 1950 most frontier government workers started to help and support the advancement of cooperatives and by 1952, around 160 cooperatives had been enrolled (Alila Obado, 1990). The post-autonomy period saw the fast increment the in number of maker associations and combination of the ones that previously existed. As of now, the administration considered the to be development as a methods for African communism, and fortifying basic ties between the individuals from various areas of Kenya. In 1963 there were around 1000 cooperatives, which quickly developed in number from that point forward. Today, the co-agents are a fundamental piece of the Government monetary technique planned for making salary creating openings especially in the country zones. The co-usable development has been perceived by the Government as an essential foundation for the activation of human and material assets for different advancement progress especially in the provincial zones where most of individuals live, acquiring their job basically from farming. The co-employable development currently contributes well more than 45 percent of Kenyas GDP and it is assessed that in any event one out of each two Kenyans straightforwardly or by implication determines his/her occupation from the co-usable development. Throughout the years, the co-employable development remained prevalently horticulturally situated. Be that as it may, in the ongoing past, the co-usable development has encountered huge expansion in exercises and interests quite reserve funds and credit. Other non-agro-based co-agents have additionally developed and wandered into regions, for example, lodging; Jua-Kali, building and development, painstaking work, transport, little scope ventures, and so on. (Alila Obado, 1990). SACCOs are one of the main wellsprings of country fund and in numerous provincial zones the neighborhood SACCO is the main supplier of budgetary administrations. While the specific number of SACCOs working in Kenya isn't known, gauges extend from just about 4,000 up to 5,000 (Financial Sector Deepening (FSD), 2010). Realm SACCO Limited Realm SACCO Society Limited was begun by the Life Reformation Center in 1999 with the point of improving the monetary occupation of its individuals. It was enlisted in 21st January, 2000 under the Cooperative Societies Act No.12 of 1997, and it is administered by the SACCO Societies Act of 2008 and its by-laws. The development of the SACCO has been high since origin a reality credited to great administration and authority, staff responsibility and successful support by individuals (Kingdom Sacco Limited, 2011) . Figure Membership Growth Analysis. Source: www.kingdomsacco.com Vision To be a model SACCO, engaging the network financially and socially. Crucial To advance an investment funds culture, and give reasonable credit by offering supportable budgetary answers for improve the monetary government assistance of our individuals and partners. Witticism Pamoja Twaimarika Guiding principle Respectability Having been established by individuals with a congregation based foundation, it was concurred that Integrity is one of the most characterizing qualities that the initiative and enrollment of Kingdom SACCO up hold. Responsibility The SACCO endeavors to complete every one of its dealings in an open way that is pleasant to individuals and co-employable qualities. Proactive The SACCO targets meeting the all individuals needs by guaranteeing that it is affecting important and wanted change to its tasks and items as every now and again varying. Cooperation The SACCO Leadership, the executives and individuals see the SACCO as a nuclear family and as such consistently target cooperating as a group. Correspondence All individuals are dealt with similarly with no preference and segregation Items Offered by Kingdom SACCO Credit Facilities Business Loan Improvement Loan Crisis Loan School Fees Loan Supa Loan Overdraft Loan Jijenge Loan Rembesha Maisha Loan FOSA Accounts Junior Mustard Account Imara Account Lords Savings Account KSA Corporate Account Lords Fixed Account Different Services Check Clearing Safe Custody Brokers Checks Standing Orders Pay Advance Night Stop Services Issue Statement SACCOs give a wide scope of items, offer advances that are less expensive than banks, give higher enthusiasm on investment funds and as indicated by an examination by FinAccess, a noteworthy level of the Kenyan populace is unbanked (FinAccess, 2009). This ongoing investigation by the Financial Sector Deepening Trust (FSDT) uncovered that banks serve 14.2 percent, SACCOs 13.1 percent and MFIs 1.7 percent of the populace separately. This is a major open door for SACCOs given that there is an undiscovered market. Since SACCOs don't raise value from outside sources, theirstrength lies in numbers for example the more the individuals, the better

BT Financial Group Major Threats and Opportunities for Increasing Wealth in Australia

Openings BT Financial Group is one of the biggest speculation organizations spend significant time in the riches the executives. Being the piece of the Westpac Group, the organization looks to present the creation and portion of venture, retirement items, and superannuation (Our History, n. d.). Protection activities likewise include dispersion of advances, stores, and home loan among the population.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on BT Financial Group: Major Threats and Opportunities for Increasing Wealth in Australia explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to the way that the BT Financial Group endeavors to propel expectations for everyday comforts of matured individuals just as increment the general abundance of the populace, it presents as number of significant measures and openings that can be executed. To be progressively precise, the organization should build proficient counsel, upgrade and advance speculation, advance the protection plots a s an ever increasing number of individuals intend to purchase houses, present higher paces of venture items, and, at last, add to expansion of edge credits among the populace. So as to address the issues of more seasoned ages, the BT Financial Groups ought to connect more assets and methodologies. The significant accentuation ought to be made on an expense for-administration game plan for counsel acquainted with clients in the circle of speculations and benefits, wiping out any potential clashes while setting up a venture portfolio. Likewise, the organization additionally executes changes to the circle of expert gauges to improve the enlistment prerequisites and control explicit systems for estimating the conveyance of exhortation, where the significant spotlight is made on meeting advanced item and administration needs of customers (BT Financial Group, n. d.). Edge loaning is one of the main activities upgraded by the company’s aim to ensure and improve abundance of the Aust ralian populace (James, 2007, n. p.). In entire, this activity gives more noteworthy chances to the company’s improvement since it makes a more grounded stage for meeting the customers’ needs and requests. Close to better norms of exhorting strategies, the development draws near, especially the recently settled IT structures, will add to more noteworthy efficiency and execution of BT Financial Group (Fan, 2011, n. p.).Advertising Looking for report on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hence, the presentation IT capacity development framework can start the organization into another key level for making included worth and for centering the most hazardous zones of the creation procedure. The chance to expand efficiency has showed up due to customers’ developing requests whose solicitation can be better controlled and worked with the presentation of the above introduced system. Dan gers For doing certain tasks and exercises, BT Financial Groups faces certain difficulties and dangers among which are quickly maturing ages, troubles in information administrations, customers’ security, decrease in populace development, and presenting advancements. For executing the current chances, high caliber and expert guidance gave by BT Company is fundamental for confronting the issue of maturing age, which is the significant danger to expanding riches in Australia. In spite of the way that Australia is viewed as one of the most evolved economies, it is as yet encountering emotional maturing of its populace (McCrindle, 2007, p. 5). Henceforth, the normal age of the Australians is around 37 years contrasted with 28 years in 1976. On the off chance that the middle age expands, it can have noteworthy effect on society. Protection is another foundation of the company’s exercises that should be thought of and improved. The plenitude of flood guarantees with respect t o the BT’s customers has been a significant danger to the directors, yet the issue has been effectively defeated as the supervisors gave new component to taking care of and controlling incomes and profit in spite of the protection payout increment (Woodington, 2011). All the more critically, rise flood claims have furnished the organization with a significantly more good ground for reinforcing its positions. Because of the advancement of private ventures in Australia, BT Financial Group has gotten progressively worried about loaning and getting being the significant hotspots for doing independent company exchanges (BT Financial Group, 2011).Advertising We will compose a custom report test on BT Financial Group: Major Threats and Opportunities for Increasing Wealth in Australia explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, the Australian business scene will in general be overpowered with new open doors for little scope ventures. Recorded point of view examinat ion likewise demonstrates that Australia is viewed as the nation where the overwhelming spot is given to private companies (Landstrom, 2009, p. 115). Drawing in more clients is another test that should be defeated to expand the customer base rate (Woodington, 2011). Especially accentuation ought to be made on addressing client needs and making more qualities for client by means of the outer promoting process. Path Forward with respect to the chances and dangers diagrams over, the organization ought to respond in the accompanying way. To start with, all together guarantee the quality guidelines and counsel effectiveness, the organization likewise applies to a client driven methodology for acquainting advancements with speculation and superannuation exercises (BT Financial Group, n. d.). Indeed, this client situated culture adds to making a great ground for infiltrating to all offices and areas of the organization and improving the information the board (Deschamps, 2008, p. 84). Secon d, BT approach additionally includes the counselors toward the start of the innovative work procedure to guarantee that a key venture is compatible with the company’s needs. For guaranteeing the quality norms and guidance proficiency, the organization likewise applies to a client driven methodology for acquainting advancements with speculation and superannuation exercises (BT Financial Group, n. d.). Actually, this client arranged culture adds to making a good ground for entering to all offices and areas of the organization and upgrading the information the executives (Deschamps, 2008, p. 84). All the more critically, BT approach likewise includes the counsels toward the start of the innovative work procedure to guarantee that a key speculation is consistent with the company’s needs. Reference List BT Financial Group (2011). Discount and Retail Clients. BT Financial Group Submission. Web.Advertising Searching for report on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More BT Financial Group. Yearly Review and Sustainability Report. Web. Deschamps, J. P. (2008). Advancement Leaders: How Senior Executives Stimulate, Steer, and Sustain Innovation. US: John Wiley and Sons. Foo, F. (2011). IT Framework Helps BT Tap Business Value. Australian IT. Web. James, A. (2007). BT Financial Group Streamlines Information Gathering and Saves A $ 540,000 Per Years. LivePoint. Web. Landstrom, H. (2009). Pioneers in Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research. US: Springer. McCrindle, M. (2007). New Generation at Work: Attracting, Recruiting, Retaining and Training Generation Y. US: The ABC of XYZ. OECD Publishing (2010). OECD Economic Surveys: Australia 2010. Australia: OECD Publishing. Our History. BT. Web. Wooddington, M. (2011). BT Earnings Up Despite Floods. Budgetary Standard. Web. This report on BT Financial Group: Major Threats and Opportunities for Increasing Wealth in Australia was composed and presented by client Curt Conners to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

Extended Essay Writing Suggestions and Tricks

Extended Essay Writing Suggestions and Tricks How to write extended essay assignments and earn good grades? First, you need to know that any extended essay is a type of academic writing, which success is based completely on its structure. In addition to choosing a topic, finalizing a question, and researching, it’s important to decide on the best structure because this assignment is long. Looking through available examples is a very effective way to succeed. Don’t forget to break down your content into different subtopics to make it simpler for readers to follow the logical flow of your ideas. How to write extended essay To start with, you need to learn the right definition of this academic assignment. Any extended essay is a piece of writing that represents your independent research within 4000 words. It’s an important part of the IB (International Baccalaureate) Diploma Program. This means that students won’t get their Bachelor degree if they fail to successfully write this paper on a narrow subject. However, it’s more than just a lengthy academic assignment because extended essays imply: A great chance to research a certain problem; Practical preparation for undergraduate studies. Read and consider official guidelines because they mean a lot for your final grade. Take the following things into account when writing your extended essay: It must have a few basic parts, including its title page, abstract, contents page, body, introduction, conclusion, bibliography page, appendices; Read specific guidelines for the chosen subject because rules may vary; The introduction should contain a research question, which isn’t a statement; The body should develop your research clearly, so be sure to use citations in the right format; Concluding and introductory paragraphs should be clear and contain no repetitions. Outlining/planning Outlining or planning is important for your understanding of how to write extended essay assignments. The basic outlining purpose is to help you develop strong arguments and pursue a research question. Your outline should describe the chosen topic and explain the sources you use when building both arguments and counterarguments. What do you need to do in your outline? State a research question; Describe the significance of your topic; Outline your plan of developing arguments; Choose your favorite answer to a research question; Briefly describe the steps that will be taken to build your major argument; Write an annotated bibliography. Remember that your outline is an important plan because it provides the right foundation for your future paper. You may decide that you need changes in your initial plan or arguments when doing your further research. Topic choice Choose the topic that you like and ensure that it’s related to your surroundings. It should be narrow or limited to the scope that you can effectively examine in depth. Your topic should provide you with a great opportunity to collect enough information and data for a further evaluation or analysis. Don’t choose broad subjects because they won’t help you write a successful extended essay. Besides, any topic that requires a descriptive approach without any personal research isn’t suitable for this type of writing. It shouldn’t simply provide a summary of secondary sources because you won’t earn high marks. Finalizing a question Having a question to start with is the only effective way to work out if it’s good enough. That’s why you need to formulate a topic into a research question at the very beginning. It must be precise and clear. What is it all about? It’s easy to forget your original point after doing in-depth research and writing a well-worded question. Sometimes, information and research may take you far away from original intentions. Take a step back to determine if you really want to write about it. Ensure that your research question is really interesting and presents some possibilities that intrigue you. It also needs to be specific enough and define its own limits. Choose the variables that you leave open because there’s no point if wasting time on worthless endeavors. Make sure that your research question doesn’t leave your extended essay unfocused. Besides, you should be able to answer it, so ensure that each idea that you include in your draft links back to your question. Every paragraph that you write should dig a bit deeper into it. All the ideas, materials, and data that you use when writing an extended paper should answer your research question. How to write extended essay outline How should the outline of your extended essay look like? Students use a few different approaches to plan this paper. Choose the one that you like the most. Start with preparing a brief summary of each paragraph and write a single line about it. Extend the abstract of each section by including a few bullet points. Use supporting evidence, such as stats, facts, and in-text citations, taken from reliable sources. Explain how each proof illustrates your main point. Make your outline more large-scale by using extra suggestions and opinions that are related to a general point. Another outlining method makes it possible to compare sections and divide each paragraph into clear parts. It’s very useful if you want to modify headings or rearrange their order without rewriting anything. Use different tools to categorize relevant sections and tailor them accordingly. How to write extended essay introduction What do you need to know to write the best introduction? It should explain what targeted readers can expect from other paragraphs of your extended essay while making clear the main goal of your writing, insight into your major argument, and scope of your study (reliable sources that you will use). You need to have a sense of the main focus and direction. It’s advisable to write an introductory paragraph after finishing the rest of your extended essay. Its body must contain a research analysis, discussion, and assessment. Don’t forget to make a strong statement in the introduction. How to write extended essay conclusion The conclusion of your extended essay should cover the things that your research achieved, including unanswered questions and notes of any restrictions. One effective way is to come up with your outcomes based on the results of your study, but it’s necessary to get a final summarizing conclusion. This section should be clear and relevant to your research question. Ensure that it’s consistent with your thesis, while its development and explanation are presented in your essay. A concluding paragraph is something more than just a summary because it requires you to review how convincingly your thesis is supported and your research question is answered. Restate your major points and discuss a broader implication of your thesis or new issues that your research brings. How to write extended essay reflection Any reflection is always a continual process. When constantly considering the decisions you make in the process of writing your extended essay, you should be prepared to avoid common pitfalls involves in independent researching. Reflection help you plan everything and allow you to monitor the entire progress. Students are encouraged to reflect throughout their research process, not only in the end. When working on your extended essay, you’ll meet your supervisor a few times. Some of these sessions are devoted to reflections, and you will need to submit them on the writing and research process. Ask yourself different questions because it’s an effective way to help you with reflections. The answers you give will help you identify existing problems and find effective ways to solve them. How to write extended essay abstract The main purpose of your abstract is to guide the audience. It concisely reviews or highlights all the major ideas covered in your essay in addition to its scope of writing and content. It’s a very useful tool for writers to understand whether they have a clear grasp of arguments and thesis statements. If you can state them clearly in a few sentences to let other people who aren’t familiar with the subject to understand your key idea, you have a good grasp of the ideas you want to express. Your abstract should say everything important in a way that provides readers with a clear idea of the content of your extended essay. What are its basic qualities? It should: Use the right structure to present your extended essay; Provide transitions or logical connections between information; Follow your chosen chronology; Add no new facts; Summarize and use passive verbs to emphasize data; Be understandable to people; Unify well-developed paragraphs to make them concise, coherent, and able to stand out. To write an effective abstract for your extended essay, reread it with the goal of abstracting in your mind. Look for its main parts and write a rough draft without looking back. Don’t try just to copy important sentences because you’ll end up putting too little or too much information. Sum up information in some new way. If you find it hard to write an abstract or have problems with other writing stages, you can always count on online professional writing services because they’re available around the clock.

Should Abortion Be Legal - 863 Words

Imagine a woman was raped and later became pregnant. Shouldn t she have the right to abort the child or should she be forced to deliver? Put yourself in her shoes. Can you imagine the pain she might feel every time she looks at the child? Should she be forced to endure this? Women should be allowed to have abortions under circumstances such as these. Abortion has been a topic of debate for centuries if not longer. Abortion occurs when a fetus is removed from a woman s body before the fetus is able to fully develop. Before the 1800s, not many laws existed concerning abortion. It was not until 1973 that the Supreme Court listened to a case concerning abortion. In 1973, the Supreme Court struck down all state laws that had ruled abortion illegal in Roe versus Wade. However, many still argue that abortion should be illegal. Abortion should be legal and an option available to expecting mothers due to issues such as rape, life or death situations in mothers, and teen pregnancy. In every situation, there are exceptions. Rape should be one exception as to why abortion should be legal. It is estimated that between 1 and 2 percent of pregnancies are an result of rape and/or incest. While this number may seem like such a small percentage, this means that about 1 and every 6 pregnancies is a result of a woman that was raped. Should a woman who experienced such a tragic event be required to keep a child that serves as such a reminder. In my opinion, no. One of the mostShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. The other side of the argument, meaning people who are pro-choice, defend it by believing it to be a right been given to the women. They also claim even if abortion was to be illegal, it would still be practiced. EveryRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal920 Words   |  4 Pagesworld has struggled with for ages and one thing that people are advocating around the world for is abortion. Abortion is either a procedure or pill that stops a fetus s heart. Abortion should not be legal because life beings at creation, abortions are a direct violation of the 14th amendment, and thousands of people would love to adopt a child: handicapped or otherwise. Abortion should not be legal because life begins at creation. What is creation? Some people say conception, but it actually isRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1320 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion, as you all may know, is a really popular topic. There have long been many debates between the two groups, pro-life and pro-choice. People who are pro-life believe that part of the government’s job is to protect all forms of human life. Those who are pro-choice believe that every individual should have control over their own reproductive systems. Pro-life supporters strongly believe that even an undeveloped fetus has life; it is still growing and it needs to be protected. And this soundsRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1217 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2015 Should Abortion be Legal Among all the issues that have been fought for or against in the United States, abortion may be one of the most popular issues that Americans are passionate about. Abortion is defined as the removal of the embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. Thousands of abortions take place every single day, and yet public opinion remains at a standstill as to whether or not abortion is ethical. Everyone holds different opinions on abortion. The proponentsRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number ofRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1135 Words   |  5 PagesKelsi Hodgkin Composition 1 Professor Chipps 19 October 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal A common debate in the world today involves abortion, the deliberate end of human pregnancy, and whether or not it should be legalized. â€Å"Every year in the world there are an estimated 40-50 million abortions. This corresponds to approximately 125,000 abortions per day† (â€Å"Abortions Worldwide this Year†). On one side of the argument, people are not disturbed by this grotesque number, and on theRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?963 Words   |  4 PagesLegal or Illegal? Which would you prefer? Not many are willing to discuss such a gut wrenching topic, but this needs to be addressed. It is a very controversial topic with having to do with women rights and activists. Since there are two sides to every argument, there is one side such as to make abortion legal and the opposing side to keep abortions illegal. In my opinion making abortion illegal can regulate the amount of women who do get pregnant. I believe that making abortions legal will let womenRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreShould Abortions Be Legal?939 Words   |  4 PagesShould abortions be legal? Abortions have been a big issue since the Roe v Wade case. There have been a lot of disagreements between the Pro-life supporters and the pro-choice supporters. Pro-life supporters feel like abortions deter murder, while pro-choice supporters believe that the women should be able to make their own decisions. I am a part of the pro-life supporters because I feel like abortions are wrong for several of reasons. Why should women get an abortion if there are other choices for

How to Start an Outstanding Essay Introduction and Conclusion

How to Start an Outstanding Essay

American experience Free Essays

The ancient Greeks were the first to introduce philosophical thought to mankind. When one thinks of Greek philosophy, three individuals come into mind – Socrates, Plato and Aristotle in this order. Plato was Socrates’ protege and Aristotle that of Plato. We will write a custom essay sample on American experience or any similar topic only for you Order Now These men not only enlightened men with their brilliance but also helped provide moral guidance to society for this was the role of philosophers whose wisdom was valued and sought for from the lowliest citizen to that of kings. This was all but forgotten during the time of the Romans and the Middle Ages. The Renaissance saw the return of classical Greco-Roman culture in most respects but it fell short when it came to philosophical thought especially in the purview of politics. It was here that a new political thought emerged courtesy of Niccolo Machiavelli. Through his work, The Prince, Machiavelli did not only provide a theoretical framework for his patron, but would also be employed by future leaders who found his ideas not only practical, but very useful in helping them achieve their goals. The Renaissance period was the result of the Humanist movement that emerged during the waning years of the Middle Ages. Prior to this, secular political philosophy was already existing during the Holy Roman Empire but the extent of its influence was rather limited because the academic field was wholly influenced by Christian scholasticism. The Humanist movement picked up momentum as it brought back classical ideas to supplant scholasticism. Those who held on to Christian values saw the Renaissance as the â€Å"return to paganism† which was not only evident in the art but in philosophy as well and Machiavelli was the one who stood out during this period with virtually no peer. Machiavelli was born in a tumultuous era of the Renaissance. This was the time the Popes, heads of the Catholic Church were influential enough to raise their own armies and waged war; wealthy Italian city-states, though enjoying relative autonomy from the prosperity they enjoyed were susceptible to attack and conquest by foreign powers such as Spain, France and even the Holy Roman Empire and this was further made complicated and to an extent convoluted with series of political-military alliances which continually changed as erstwhile allies and confederates changed sides on a whim and at any given time. Moving forward beyond Machiavelli’s lifetime, this was also a similar occurrence in later centuries, thereby validating Machiavelli’s observations and ideas. This period was also characterized by political instability and volatility as governments rise and fall even though it had barely been around after its installation. This was the world of Machiavelli. Ironically, he himself was its victim when he was part of the republican faction that saw the expulsion of the Medici family from power and was banished into exile by the same family when it was restored to power. It was during this time of exile that he wrote The Prince which he dedicated (ironically) to the Medicis, the very same people who banished him, as a way of currying their favor in ending his exile. The Prince emphasizes how a ruling prince, the title of the rulers of the city-states, can maintain control over all he governs. This is a rather tough balancing act as the prince needs to exercise control over the resources of the state in order to maintain it and at the same time meet the needs of his people. That requires the prince being someone above reproach almost to the point of being infallible, whilst privately acting amorally to meet the goals of the state. Machiavelli based these from his observations as a Florentine diplomat, and his study of ancient history, particularly the history of the Roman Republic. It can be inferred here that by the time Machiavelli wrote The Prince, the ideas embodied here are not exactly new but something he revived based on his studies. In this social and political milieu, Machiavelli observed the way people lived and had in mind a plan to â€Å"educate† or â€Å"enlighten† leaders how they should rule and even define their lifestyles if they wanted to stay in power longer. During his time, he noticed that most people were obliged to live virtuously as according to Aristotelian ethics. However, he dared to challenge this belief, saying that living virtuous lives does not necessarily lead to happiness. Machiavelli, in a sense of irony and apparently going against the norms, viewed misery as something useful which prince should capitalize on if they wish to rule longer. Machiavelli states boldly in The Prince, â€Å"The answer is, of course, that it would be best to be both loved and feared. But since the two rarely come together, anyone compelled to choose will find greater security in being feared than in being loved. As long as you serve their interests, they are devoted to you†¦Men are less nervous of offending someone who makes himself loveable, than someone who makes himself frightening†¦A ruler should make himself feared in such a way that if he does not inspire love, at least he does not provoke hatred. For it is perfectly possible to be feared and not hated. † (quoted from Morgan 510) From this statement alone, one might think Machiavelli was trying to corrupt minds and undermine the virtues being practiced during his time by entertaining such a thought. But if one would only take an empathic look, The Prince does not dismiss morality, entirely. It somehow redefines morality in more pragmatic terms which is characterized by what is considered â€Å"acceptable cruel action,† but it must be decisive, swift, effective, and short-lived. It can be further inferred that Machiavelli saw how ironic it is to yield good results by performing â€Å"evil† actions. However, one caveat here is that the â€Å"evil† Machiavelli used is not the same as †evil† in the Judaeo-Christian sense of the word. For Machiavelli, cruelty should not be taken at face value or in absolute terms as had shown in one observation: â€Å"He (duke) put Mr. Remiro d’Orco, a man both cruel and efficient, in charge, and gave him absolute power. D’Orco in short order established peace and unity, and acquired immense authority. The duke decided such unchecked power was no longer necessary, for he feared the people might come to hate it. So he established a civil court, placing an excellent judge in charge of it. † (quoted in Morgan 493-494) What this means is that â€Å"evil† or in this case, cruelty should not be taken at face value for what it denotes. Rather, cruelty is defined as repressive actions taken by the state, more often than not manifested in the use of force to make things happen. But in so doing, the prince, or any ruler for that matter, is justified in his actions because it accomplishes a goal which in this case it to see to the preservation of the state and society as a whole, thus giving meaning to the Machiavellian adage, â€Å"the ends justify the means. † As a treatise, its primary intellectual contribution to the history of political thought is the realistic approach which sees how political realism clashes with political idealism and based on Machiavelli’s observations, the former prevails as the ideals based on classic Greek ideas of Plato and Aristotle tended to find no place in modern society where they used to emphasize the need for â€Å"enlightened† leadership or rule. Modern-day rulers do not have that luxury of being enlightened and they find Machiavelli’s ideas making more sense. It is only rather ironic and unfortunate that those who subscribed to these ideas are those Machiavelli would not want to – tyrants, despots and dictators. His idea of a leader using â€Å"acceptable cruel action† came from the dictators of the ancient Roman Republic. If there is something this paper has proven, Machiavelli is not so bad after all. It would appear that most of his ideas were taken out of context and given the impression he encouraged rule by tyrants when he actually was not. It was only a matter of pragmatism and to an extent prudence though not in the same level as Platonic and Aritstotelian thought. Works Cited Morgan, Michael L. Classics of Moral and Political Theory 4th Edition. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1992. How to cite American experience, Papers

Evaluating Potentiality of Investment

Question: Discuss about the Evaluating Potentiality of Investment. Answer: Introduction: The cost of capital is an important factor, used for evaluating the potentiality of any investment. It depicts the cost, incurred by any firm, for obtaining and maintaining its capital fund. However, most of the firms raise its capital fund through equity financing and debt financing. Therefore, the financial analysts rely on Weighted Average Cost of Capital more than normal cost of equity capital. WACC is calculated on the basis of both the costs, incurred for equity capital and debt capital. Thus, it can depict the overall cost of capital and satisfy both the shareholders and creditors. Arabian Cement Co. Ltd. is an enlisted company in UAE Stock Exchange. The cost of the capital of the company is computed under weighted average method to evaluate the potentiality of the company for investment purpose. Weighted Average Cost of Capital: The two main components of WACC are the cost of equity capital and cost of debt capital. Cost of debt capital can be ascertained from the finance expenses, stated in the financial statements. The cost of equity is, on the other hand, cannot be determined so easily. The most popular method of calculating the cost of capital is the Capital Asset Pricing Model, which determines the cost of equity on the basis on the market stock prices. According to the CAPM Model, the cost of equity is calculated by using the following formula: Cost of Equity = Risk Free Return + Beta x (Market Return Risk Free Return) For determining the cost of equity of Arabian Cement, the coupon yield rate of 1 yr. treasury bond of UAE is considered as risk free return and the average daily return of UAE stock market index is taken as the market return rate. Beta coefficient is the volatility level of the stock of Arabian Cement in comparison to UAE stock market return. As per the above discussion, the cost of equity of Arabian Cement is determined in the following table: After determining the cost of equity, the WACC of the company is computed by using the following formula in the table below: WACC = (Weightage of Equity x Cost of Equity) + (Weightage of Interest Bearing Debt x Cost of Debt) Conclusion: As per the above table, the WACC of the company is 7.55%, whereas, the industrial benchmark of cost of capital is 6.50%. The WACC of the company is higher than the industrial benchmark. Such variance has occurred as the industry is consisted with variety of companies. The cost of equity for the small companies uses to be lower than the large companies, whereas, the large companies can enjoy lower rate of interest on debt capital due to the goodwill and large amount of assets. However, the variance denotes that the company use to incur higher cost than the overall industry for maintaining its capital. The return on equity of Arabian Cement is 36.60%. It can be stated that the company raises its capital at lower cost but provides higher return on the capital. Therefore, though the WACC of the company is higher than the average industrial rate, the investors can consider Arabian Cement Co. Ltd. as a potential investment option. Bibliography: Arabian Cement Company - Cement, Concrete, Wassal. (2016).Arabian Cement Company - Cement, Concrete, Wassal. [online] Available at: https://www.arabiancement.com/financial-statements-2015 [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. Marketstoday.net. (2016).ARCCO | Historical Prices - MarketsToday.net. [online] Available at: https://www.marketstoday.net/companies/arabian-cement-co-ltd/Historical-Prices/42/en/# [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016].